What causes high cholesterol?

As a doctor of medicine, I can provide you with a detailed answer on what causes high cholesterol.

There are two main types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it tends to accumulate in the arteries, forming plaques that can restrict blood flow. HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, is considered "good" cholesterol as it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and prevents plaque buildup.

Several factors contribute to high cholesterol levels:

Diet: Consuming foods high in saturated and trans fats can increase LDL cholesterol levels. These unhealthy fats are commonly found in red meat, full-fat dairy products, fried foods, and processed snacks.

Obesity: Being overweight or obese can raise LDL cholesterol levels and lower HDL cholesterol levels. Excess body fat, particularly around the waist, can lead to increased cholesterol production in the liver.

Lack of physical activity: Regular exercise has been shown to increase HDL cholesterol levels and improve overall cardiovascular health. Leading a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to higher LDL cholesterol levels.

Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels, lowers HDL cholesterol, and increases LDL cholesterol. It also increases the risk of other cardiovascular diseases, making it a significant risk factor for high cholesterol.

Genetics: In some cases, high cholesterol levels can be inherited. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic condition that causes very high LDL cholesterol levels and increases the risk of early heart disease.

Age and gender: Cholesterol levels tend to rise with age, particularly in women after menopause. Prior to menopause, estrogen helps maintain higher levels of HDL cholesterol. After menopause, however, HDL cholesterol levels may decrease, contributing to increased overall cholesterol levels.

Certain medical conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, and liver disease can affect cholesterol metabolism and lead to elevated cholesterol levels.

It is important to note that high cholesterol levels often do not cause any symptoms, which is why regular cholesterol screenings are recommended, especially for people with risk factors. Lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight, are typically the first line of treatment for high cholesterol. It is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance based on your specific health situation.

Source: quora.com by Dr. Benjamin McLean